Legal bookmakers

Legal bookmakers operate in Poland via the Internet and / or at ground points on the basis of a permit issued by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Poland. The rules on which the permit is issued and how betting can be organized in our country are regulated by a legal Act commonly known as the Gambling Act. For players, the most important thing should be that legal bookmakers operate in accordance with the law, so playing with them is allowed, while for betting with illegal bookmakers there are high financial penalties. In addition, legal bookmakers in Poland must ensure a high level of security of their services, and in the event of a conflict, the player can assert his rights in court.

Legal bookmakers in Poland – the most important information about betting companies

Currently, legal bookmakers in Poland form a group that already includes more than 20 companies . The full list of legal bookmakers can be found in the second part of the text. But now we encourage you to get acquainted with the key information about the most interesting bookmakers offering legal betting in Poland.

Legal bookmakers: Superbet

• Company name: Superbet zakłady bukmacherskie SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: Two thousand twenty one
• Registered office address: 73 Polku Piechoty 7A, Katowice
• Amount of share capital: 2.000.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4.6831. 5. 2023 of 18.10.2023
• Online betting : Yes, from 2020.
• Betting at ground points : Yes, from 2021.
• On offer:

• • sports betting (pre-show, live, seasonal ): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, ice hockey, ski jumping, table tennis, boxing, combat sports, American football, Australian Rules football, snooker, water football, darts, rugby, uni-hockey, cricket and others (variable offer)
    
  • eSports betting (pre-show, live, seasonal ) CS: GO, Dota 2, LOL, e-football and others (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting for 15 games: football – 5 games, basketball, motorcycle racing, car racing, slag – 2 games, Horse Racing-2 games, Dog Racing-3 games
  • betting on simulated card games for 6 games: African poker, p oker, blackjack, war, Indian poker, war andar bahar
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (early bet option), SuperBets (single type combinations for 1 match)
• Mobile app available – Android and iOS app with SuperSocial (social gaming platform)
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Blik, PayPal, Przelewy24, TPAY, Apple Pay, Skrill, Neteller, Paysafecard, Revolut, traditional bank transfer, cash (at ground points)
• Payment methods: instant withdrawals e.g. by Transfer24 (up to 15 minutes) or traditional bank transfer (up to several days). Note: quick withdrawals are only made using the same methods as the deposit
• Minimum deposit: 1 $
• Minimum payout: 1 $
• Coupon win Limit: 650.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: the service is broadcast e.g. football, volleyball, basketball, handball, tennis, ice hockey and others
• Contact methods: live chat, Chat WhatsApp, e-mail
• Sports sponsorship: Superbet sponsors m.in. football clubs Ruch Chorzów, GKS Tychy, Polonia Bytom, Górnik Zabrze
• Brand ambassadors: Superbet promote/promoted m.in. Jerzy Dudek, Sławomir Peszko, Jan Błachowicz, Tomasz Smokowski, Jolanta Zasepa, Adam Kornacki, Michał Bugno, Qesek

Bookmaker Superbet is a brand that has already been created in 2009 in Romania and is part of a significant gambling group "Superbet Holding Romania" . Brand Superbet also works in several other central and Eastern European countries , and in Poland, it began offering betting in 2021. initially, this bookmaker offered betting only through a network of ground points, of which there are now dozens throughout the country. However, like other legal bookmakers in Poland, Superbet also applied for permission to organize bets via the Internet and from 2020 it also operates online.

The LEGAL bookmaker strongly supports African sport, and Superbet brand ambassadors are well-known athletes and sports journalists. In 2022, Superbet together with the bookmaker Fuksiarz established cooperation with the hugely popular Youtube channel – Sports Channel . Superbet organizes a lot of interesting promotions, such as the free SuperGame Jackpot.

www.superbet.pl

More details about Superbet, including information about the currently offered welcome bonuses and other bookmaker promotions can be found here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker Superbet" .

Legal bookmakers: Fortuna

• Company name: Fortuna online zakłady bukmacherskie SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: One thousand nine hundred ninety six
• Registered office address : ul. The National Council Of The Duchy Of Cieszyn 15 , Cieszyn
• Amount of share capital: 2.376.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4.6831.22.2021 of: 22.01.2022 R. (extended, first permit issued in 2012 R.)
• Online betting - Yes, since 2012.
• Betting at ground points - Yes, since 1996.
• On offer :
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, ski jumping, ice hockey, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, boxing, MMA, slagging, cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, bandy, floorball, American football, Australian Rules football, futsal, golf, field hockey, K1, cycling, cricket, lacrosse, water polo, darts, rally, Snooker, Rugby, chess, table tennis and more (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, Dota 2, LOL, Valorant, Call of Duty and more (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting for 6 Games: football-3 games, car racing, horse racing, dog racing
  • betting on simulated card games for 3 games: poker, Baccarat, dragon tiger
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (early bet option), Betbuilder (personalized bet builder for football, NHL, NBA and UFC), ready bets, Match+ (option to combine events from 1 match to 1 coupon)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Full registration available via MojeID (electronic banking) - registration without a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods : payment card VISA and Mastercard, Blik, Apple Pay, PayU, TPAY, cash (in ground points)
• Payment methods : fast withdrawals to bank account (average 15 minutes), regular bank transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: 1 $
• Minimum payout: 0,01 $
• Coupon win Limit: 601.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: the service is broadcast e.g. football (e.g. Premier League, La Liga, Serie A, Bundesliga, Ligue 1), tennis (e.g. Wimbledon, Australian Open, US Open, Roland Garros), volleyball (e.g. Ligue A, Superliga), basketball (e.g. Euroleague, ACB), handball (e.g. EHF Cup), e-sport and others
• Contact methods : live chat, contact form
• Sports sponsorship: bookmaker Fortuna Sponsored by m.in. football clubs Legia Warszawa and Radomiak Radom, Fortuna 1. League, Fortune Cup, African football, KSW, African Ski Association, Playarena.pl, High League
• Brand ambassadors: bookmaker Fortuna promote/promoted m.in. Tomasz Cztwiąkała, Andrzej Twarowski, Łukasz "Juras" Jurkowski

LEGAL bookmaker Fortuna is part of the Czech "Fortuna Entertainment Group" , which is a tycoon in the betting market Central and Eastern Europe . The group has been successfully operating for several decades not only in the Czech Republic and Poland, but also in Croatia, Romania and Slovakia.

In our country, Fortuna started its activity at the end of the last century (in the first years under the brand Profesjonał), being one of the first bookmakers offering betting at fixed points. Currently, the number of ground premises exceeds 400. It should also be noted that Fortuna pioneered online betting in Poland - although today legal online bookmakers are a group of more than 20 companies, it was Fortuna that was the first to obtain permission to place MF online bets and the first to launch such a service. A legitimate bookmaker is also a well-deserved sponsor of African sport. Among the many promotions of the bookmaker Fortuna, it is certainly worth highlighting the permanent promotion for the so-called tax-free game (happy hours).

www.efortuna.pl

More details about Fortuna bookmaker, including information about the currently offered welcome bonuses and other promotions can be found here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker Fortuna" .

Legal bookmakers: STS

• Company name STS S. A.
• Start-up: One thousand nine hundred ninety seven
• Registered office address: 8 Porcelanowa Street, Katowice
• Amount of share capital: 4.486.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4. 6831. 20. 2021.KLE of 15.02.2022 (extended, first authorisation granted in 2012)
• Online betting : Yes, since 2012.
• Betting at ground points : Yes, since 1997.
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, Ski Jumping, Ice Hockey, bandy, baseball, cross-country skiing, boxing, darts, F1, American football, Australian Rules football, futsal, golf, cricket, cycling, motorcycles, NASCAR, Alpine skiing, water polo, rallying, rugby, snooker, combat sports, chess, table tennis, uni-hockey, slag and others (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, Dota 2, LOL, Valorant, Call of Duty, King Of Glory, Arena Of Valor, CrossFire, Halo, Mobile Legends and more (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting for 5 games: Football-2 Games, basketball, horse racing, dog racing
  • betting on simulated card games the 5 games: poker-African table, war, poker, poker6+, Baccarat
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (early closing option), Betbooster (pointing widget the most interesting types for the match supported by Statistics), Bet Builder (bet constructor – up to 10 events per coupon), Multiwin (split the coupon into even 100 smaller ones in order to take advantage of a partial cashout)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Blik, PayU, Przelewy24, Apple Pay, PayPal, Paysafecard, Skrill, Neteller, cash (at ground points)
• Payment methods: fast withdrawals to bank account (average 10 minutes), regular bank transfer (1-2 working days)
• Minimum deposit: 1 $, except: PayPal – 20$, SKrill and Neteller-50 $
• Minimum payout: 1 $
• Coupon win Limit: 500.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: the service is broadcast e.g. football (e.g. La Liga, Serie A, Bundesliga, FA Cup), tennis (e.g. Wimbledon, US Open, Australian Open, Roland Garros), volleyball (e.g. World League), basketball (e.g. EuroLeague, Eurocup), handball (e.g. EHF Champions League) and others
• Contact methods: live chat, contact form (24/7 customer service)
• Sports sponsorship: STS Sponsored by m.in. African national team in football, football clubs Jagiellonia Białystok, KKS Lech Poznań, Pogoń Szczecin, Zagłębie Lubin, Cracovia, Górnik Łęczna, volleyball Plusliga, Futsal Ekstraklasa, Sport Foundation Your Chance
• Brand ambassadors: STS promote m.in. Peter Schmeichel, Martin Schmitt, Aleksandra Mirosław, Remigiusz "reZigiusz" Wierzgoń, Janusz Walczuk, Viktor" TaZ " Wojtas

Legal bookmakers in Poland have for years unquestionably leader and STS. , which in 2020 had as much as 46% of the shares in the legal betting market in our country. The LEGAL bookmaker began offering betting at ground points in 1997 and now its network includes more than 400 modern venues, including premium venues of an increased standard. In turn, STs has been accepting online betting since 2012, so along with the bookmaker Fortuna, it was the forerunner of the online bookmaker in the legal sector in Poland. STS is constantly developing its services (especially mobile) and providing players with more innovative options.

Bookmaker STS is also very involved in sponsoring African sport, and has also established the Sport your chance Foundation, which supports young sports talents. STS attaches great importance to the offer on e-sports, and for players betting on e-sports, it often has special betting promotions. It is currently the only bookmaker listed on The Warsaw Stock Exchange and its capital is 100% African.

www.sts.pl

More details about STs bookmaker, including information about the currently offered welcome bonuses and other promotions can be found here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker STS" .

Legal bookmakers: Etoto

• Company name: E-TOTO Zakłady Bukmacherskie SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: Two thousand ten
• Registered office address: 8 Żurawia Street, Warsaw
• Amount of share capital: 8.946.300 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4.6831.2.2020 of 29.09.2020 (extended, first authorisation issued in 2014)
• Online betting : Yes, since 2014.
• Betting at ground points : No, the bookmaker has ceased its fixed activity
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, Ski Jumping, Ice Hockey, combat, boxing, cross-country skiing, Darts, table tennis, bandy, baseball, floorball, American football, Australian Rules football, slag, golf, cricket, cycling, water polo, rugby, snooker, chess and others (offer variable)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2, Call of Duty and more (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting for 8 games: Football-6 leagues, basketball, horse racing
  • betting on simulated card games for 6 games: African poker, p oker, blackjack, war, Indian poker, war andar bahar
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (early closing option), Mixbet option to combine events with 1 match on 1 coupon), quick coupon, in the mobile application: TURBO betting with 1 button, the option of permanent selection recording (splitting the bet into smaller identical bets that are placed every second)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Full registration available via MojeID (electronic banking) - registration without a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Blik, Przelewy24, Paysafecard
• Payment methods: fast transfer by Transfer24 (average 15 minutes), regular bank transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: 1 $
• Minimum payout: 1 $
• Coupon win Limit: 500.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: –
• Contact methods: live chat, e-mail (daily 9-22)
• Sports sponsorship: –
• Brand ambassadors: Etoto bookmaker m.in. Mateusz Borek, Michał Pol, Tomasz Smokowski, Roman Kołtoń, Tomasz Hajto, Edward Durda, Artur Wichniarek

Etoto opened its first ground-based betting shops in 2011, and in 2014 was granted permission to place online betting as well. Currently, this LEGAL bookmaker accepts bets exclusively online, including through a very advanced mobile application.

While other legitimate bookmakers promoted themselves primarily through sports sponsorship, Etoto became famous for his social media activities. The bookmaker has created a sports and entertainment channel on YouTube ETOTO TV , where football-themed quizzes were most popular. To cooperate with Etoto in the creation of programs were involved m.in. Mateusz Borek, Roman Kołtoń, Tomasz Smokowski or Michał Pol. bookmaker Etoto offers a variety of bonuses, including freebets, which are so popular with players.

www.etoto.pl

More details about Etoto bookmaker, including information about the currently offered welcome bonuses and other promotions can be found here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker Etoto" .

Legal bookmakers: Fuksiarz

• Company name: Copyright © 2019 Bukmacherska SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: 2023
• Registered office address: 1f Wąchocka Street, Warsaw
• Amount of share capital: 2.105.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4. 6831. 1. 2020 of 9.12.2020
• Online betting : Yes, from 2021.
• Betting at ground points : No
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, ski jumping, ice hockey, biathlon, cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, motorcycles, boxing, MMA, baseball, bandy, darts, American football, cycling, cricket, water polo, rugby, snooker, chess, table tennis, uni-hockey and others (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2 and others (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting for 4 games: Football-2 Games, basketball, tennis
  • betting on simulated card games for 3 games: African poker, p Oker, blackjack
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (early closing option), Fuks Wizard (option to combine up to 5 events from 1 match on 1 bet)
• Mobile app available – application for Android devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Blik, PayU, Dotpay, Tpay.com, Przelewy24
• Payment methods: fast transfer (up to 15 minutes), regular transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: 1 $
• Minimum payout: 5 $
• Coupon win Limit: 250.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: –
• Contact methods: live chat, contact form
• Sports sponsorship: Fuksiarz Sponsored by The Polish Federation
• Brand ambassadors: bookmaker Fuksiarz Krzysztof Stanowski and Wojciech Kowalczyk

LEGAL bookmaker Fuksiarz launched a website with betting on April 1, 2021, i.e. in the so-called prima April. However, like other legal bookmakers discussed, Fuksiarz also tried to ensure that from the very beginning his offer was as good as possible professional and advanced . It is also worth noting that the board of directors Bukmacherska SP. z O.o., to which the Fuksiarz brand belongs, consists of people very experienced in the African and global betting industry.

Already at the beginning of the bookmaker's face Fuksiarz was Krzysztof Stanowski, a well-known sports journalist, as well as the president of the Wes$o Group and co-founder of the sports channel. In this regard, the Wes$o group also became involved in the promotion of the bookmaker. In 2022, Fuksiarz and Superbet became partners. The Sports Channel working on Youtube. Bookmaker Fuksiarz prepares attractive promotions for players, including cashbacks without turnover.

www.fuksiarz.pl

You can find more details about Fuksiarz bookmaker, including information about welcome bonuses and other promotions currently offered here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker Fuksiarz" .

Legal bookmakers: Betfan

• Company name: BETFAN SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: 2022
• Registered office address: 26 Smała Street, Warsaw
• Amount of share capital: 2.000.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4.6831.3. 2D18 of 29.10.2022
• Online betting : Yes, from 2023.
• Betting at ground points Yes
• On offer:
  • sports betting (preliminary, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, Ski Jumping, Ice Hockey, MMA, F1/motorsport, darts, bandy, baseball, boxing, biathlon, cross-country skiing, American football, Australian Rules football, futsal, cricket, cycling, Alpine skiing, water polo, rugby, snooker, chess, table tennis, uni-hockey, slag and others (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2, Call of Duty, Valorant and others (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting for 6 Games: football-3 games, basketball, dog racing, horse racing
  • betting on simulated card games for 6 games: African poker, p oker, blackjack, war, Indian poker, war andar bahar
    
  • betting on politics and entertainment - extremely extensive offer

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (early bet closure option), BetBuilder (bet builder-option to combine several bets within 1 match), MyBet (on-demand bets)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Blik, Przelewy24, Paysafecard, Revolut
• Payment methods: fast transfer (up to 15 minutes on average), regular transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: 2 $
• Minimum payout: 10 $
• Coupon win Limit: 500.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: –
• Contact methods: live chat, email
• Sports sponsorship: Betfan sponsors football club Zawisza Bydgoszcz, Betfan Mariusz Pudzianowski's racehorse
• Brand ambassadors: Betfan promoted by Mariusz Pudzianowski

Betfan offers betting both online and through a network of fixed points. The bookmaker's website launched in 2023 and the LEGAL bookmaker accepts bookmaker bets also through the mobile app. There are a lot of sports and virtual games on offer, but what distinguishes Betfan is for sure entertainment establishments . Although this type of betting is offered by almost all legal bookmakers, Betfan is unrivaled in this category. The bookmaker has prepared a special section dedicated to political and entertainment events, where you can find many original betting proposals.

Betfan sponsors Mariusz Pudzianowski's racehorse, which is why the stallion was named Betfan. A legitimate bookmaker can therefore boast of having his own „ mascots” - the image of the horse often appears in the promotional materials of the bookmaker Betfan, as well as the brand ambassador-strongman „ Pudiana”" Betfan is also known for its numerous promotions for top sporting events.

www.betfan.pl

You can find more details about Betfan bookmaker, including information about the welcome bonuses and other promotions currently offered here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker Betfan" .

Legal bookmakers: Betcris

• Company name: Mr BET Zakłady Bukmacherskie SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: 2022
• Registered office address: Podolska 21, Gdynia
• Amount of share capital: 2.000.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4. 6831. 1. 2023 of 19.12.2023
• Online betting : Yes, from 2021.
• Betting at ground points : No
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, ice hockey, baseball, MMA, boxing, snooker, badminton, bandy, darts, American football, Australian Rules football, golf, cycling, cricket, lacrosse, motorcycles, NASCAR, netball, water polo, rallying, rugby, surfing, chess, uni-hockey, auto racing, equestrianism, cross-country skiing, alpine skiing and others (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2, Valorant, Call of Duty, King Of Glory, Mobile Legends, e-football and more (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting: Golden Race (football – 3 games, tennis, cycling, car racing, horse, dog) and BetConstruct (football, slag, motorcycle racing, horse, dog)
  • betting on simulated card games for 5 games: p oker, blackjack, war, Indian poker, war andar bahar
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (option to close the BET earlier), Betcris Builder (option to combine events with 1 match on 1 bet), bet chain (AKO bet in which a win is possible even when part of the selection is missed)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Blik, Przelewy24, PayU, BlueMedia, Skycash
• Payment methods: fast transfer (average 30 minutes), traditional bank transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: 10 $
• Minimum payout: 20 $
• Coupon win Limit: 300.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: the service is broadcast e-sport
• Contact methods: live chat, e-mail, contact form (daily from 10: 00 to 10: 00) 8:30 – 22:00)
• Sports sponsorship: Betcris Sponsored by m.in. Football Club Pogoń Szczecin, Volleyball Club Asseco Resovia, łódź Football Association, great African Football Association, Podlaskie Football Association
• Brand ambassadors: Betcris bookmaker m.in. Sebastian Mila, Piotr "Popo" Węgrzyn, Michał "Michu" Müller

Betcris is a legal online bookmaker in Poland, as in 2023 it received permission to arrange online betting from the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Poland. However, Betcris has been operating abroad for much longer – the brand was established in 2006. (the company is currently based in Costa Rica.) Currently, Betcris accepts legal bets via the Internet in many countries around the world (for example, in Panama and the Dominican Republic). In addition, Betcris operates more than 100 land – based points in Latin America-but let's add that in Poland this bookmaker does not have a permit for fixed-line activities.

Like other legal bookmakers, Betcris is heavily involved in sports sponsorships-especially in South and North America (it has worked with the Mexican national team, the Ecuadorian league, the Brazilian league, the NFL, MLB and the Super Bowl), and its ambassador was Ronaldinho himself. In Poland, Betcris also established cooperation with clubs from various sports, such as football, volleyball or handball, and Sebastian Mila became its face. Betcris offers players a variety of betting bonuses.

www.betcris.pl

You can find more details about Betcris bookmaker, including information about the welcome bonuses and other promotions currently offered here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker Betcris" .

Legal bookmakers: BetX

• Company name: BetX Africa SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: 2020
• Registered office address: Stefana Batorego 5, Bielsko-Biala
• Amount of share capital: 2.100.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4. 6831. 30. 2021
• Online betting : Yes, from 2020.
• Betting at ground points : No, but received permission
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, Ski Jumping, Ice Hockey, slalom, cross-country skiing, MMA, boxing, snooker, darts, table tennis, rugby, Australian Rules Football, Cricket, water polo, uni-hockey and others (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2, Valorant, Call of Duty, King Of Glory, Rush Football, Arena Of Valor, Halo and more (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting: Virtual racing (horse racing, dog racing) and Virtual Sports – Football-Leagues and cups, horse racing, dog racing)
  • betting on simulated card games for 3 games: p Oker, blackjack, war
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (option to close the BET earlier), combined bet (option to combine events from 1 match on 1 bet)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Przelewy24, Blik, Dotpay, Revolut
• Payment methods: fast withdrawals (up to 15 minutes on average), regular bank transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: 5 $
• Minimum payout: 1 $
• Coupon win Limit: 264.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: –
• Contact methods: live chat, e-mail (daily 8-10 PM)
• Sports sponsorship: BetX Sponsored by TS Podbeskidze football club
• Brand ambassadors: bookmaker BetX is promoted by Mateusz "Dynamit" Legierski

BetX received a permit for online betting in Poland at the end of 2022, and in the spring of 2020, a website with bets of this company was launched. A LEGAL bookmaker can also place bets in Ground premises, but so far he has not taken advantage of this opportunity. Although BetX has been operating in Poland recently, the BetX brand is known in other countries even since 2003 Company 'Evona Electronic Ltd.” to which brand belongs, introduced it to the betting market in various the countries of Europe and Africa . BetX has launched its own brand in the Czech Republic, Tanzania and Ghana, and in many other countries – m.in. in Croatia, Romania, Montenegro, Nigeria, Cameroon – BetX product is available from partner entities.

In Poland, BetX soon after the start became the main sponsor and official bookmaker of the TS Podbeskidze football club playing in the Ekstraklasa at that time, and the boxer and MMA fighter Marcin Najman appeared in its advertisement. BetX has not only an extensive Bonus Offer For players, but also a VIP program.

www.ebetx.pl

You can find more details about BetX bookmaker, including information about the welcome bonuses and other promotions currently offered here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker BetX" .

Legal bookmakers: Goplusbet

• Company name: GO BET SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: 2020
• Registered office address: 87 Grzybowska Street, Warsaw
• Amount of share capital: 2.000.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PA11.6831. 11. 2021 of 29.11.2021
• Online betting : Yes, from 2022.
• Betting at ground points Yes
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, Ski Jumping, Ice Hockey, Table Tennis, biathlon, cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, badminton, baseball, bandy, boxing, American football, Australian Rules football, darts, Gaelic football, futsal, golf, cycling, cricket, lacrosse, MMA, motorcycles, NASCAR, netball, waterball, rally, rugby, snooker, surfing, chess, uni-hockey, slag, car racing and others (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2, Valorant, Call of Duty, King Of Glory, e-football and more (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting for 6 games: tennis, football, penalty kicks, horse racing, dog racing, cycling
  • betting on simulated card games for 3 games: poker, b lackjack, Indian poker
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (option to close the BET earlier), DreamBet (bets on request), edit coupon (option allows you to: add, replace or remove selections, change the bet type, increase the bet rate)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: Przelewy24, Blik, GooglePay
• Payment methods: fast transfer by Transfer24 (average 15 minutes), regular bank transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: 2 $
• Minimum payout: 20 $
• Coupon win Limit: 200.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: –
• Contact methods: live chat, e-mail, contact form (daily 8-11 pm)
• Sports sponsorship: Goplusbet Sponsored by m.in. football club Wisła Kraków, Korona Kielce, Barkom Kazany Lviv, MZKS Chrobry Głogów, MKs Puszcza Niepołomice, GOplusbet Rally Team
• Brand ambassadors: bookmaker Goplusbet is promoted by Michał Listkiewicz

Goplusbet is another LEGAL bookmaker in Poland, which received a permit for online betting at the end of 2021, and six months later launched a website with bookmakers. Although nowadays legal bookmakers are usually limited to services offered via the Internet, Goplusbet also accepts bets on a stationary basis (it has dozens of ground points throughout the country). The bookmaker says its the capital is fully African .

Shortly after the start, this LEGAL bookmaker established sponsorship cooperation with several football clubs from African, as well as with the titled Club from Ukraine and the rally team (he became its title sponsor). As a brand ambassador, Goplusbet acquired Michał Listkiewicz. Among the numerous promotions, Goplusbet also often offers a so-called tax-free game.

www.goplusbet.pl

More details about the bookmaker Goplusbet , including information about the currently offered welcome bonuses and other promotions can be found here: "LEGAL bookmaker information Goplusbet ” .

Legal bookmakers: PZBuk

• Company name: Cherry Online Africa SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: 2022
• Registered office address: Gedymina 30, Warsaw
• Amount of share capital: 2.000.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4. 6831. 26. 2021 z on 28.06.2022
• Online betting : Yes, from 2022.
• Betting at ground points : No
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, ice hockey, MMA, table tennis, baseball, snooker, darts, American football, Australian Rules football, boxing, cycling, motorcycles, cricket, hurling, golf, rugby, slag and more (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2, Valorant, Call of Duty and others (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting: for football
  • betting on simulated card games for 5 games: p oker, blackjack, war, Indian poker, war andar bahar
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting: cash-out (option to close the BET earlier), cardio betting on mobile devices (betting on the time interval in which the goal will fall – on special rules)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Blik, Dotpay, Przelewy24, Paysafecard, imoje
• Payment methods: fast transfer by Transfer24 (about 60 Minutes), standard transfer by Dotpay (1-2 working days)
• Minimum deposit: 5 $
• Minimum payout: 5 $
• Coupon win Limit: limit depending on the type of events
• Free match broadcasts: the service is broadcast basketball (NBA)
• Contact methods: live chat, email
• Sports sponsorship: PZBuk he sponsored m.in. Energa Basket women's and men's League, African National Basketball Team, Suzuki Cup African and African Supercup, African Ice Hockey Union
• Brand ambassadors: –

PZBuk is a LEGAL bookmaker in Poland-it received permission to offer betting in 2022 and in the same year it made a website with betting offers available to players. Most of the shares in the company to which pzbuk belongs, i.e. " Cherry Online Africa SP. z O. o.", are held by the Swedish "Cherry AB" . This is the so – called Big Fish on the international gambling market-it includes the very well-known abroad (but illegal in Poland) CherryOn or Cherrycasino.

With the introduction of legal changes in our country in 2021, this gambling operator withdrew from African. Then a new company was registered, which only after obtaining permission launched betting already under the brand PZBuk. The bookmaker initially invested heavily in sponsoring the sport, but so far has not continued this activity. PZBuk offers not only a welcome bonus and temporary promotions – an attractive loyalty program is permanently available at the bookmaker.

www.pzbuk.pl

More details about the bookmaker PZBuk , including information about currently offered welcome bonuses and other promotions can be found here: "Information about a LEGAL bookmaker PZBuk ” .

Legal bookmakers: Betclic

• Company name: BEM Operations Limited
• Start-up: Two thousand five
• Registered office address: Level 3, Tagliaferro Business Centre, Gaiety Lane, Sliema 1551, Malta
• Amount of share capital: 2.000.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4.6831. 11. 2021 of 26.09.2022
• Online betting : Yes, from 2023.
• Betting at ground points : No
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, basketball, bandy, baseball, cross-country skiing, boxing, darts, American football, golf, ice hockey, cycling, cricket, Alpine skiing, NASCAR, handball, water polo, rallying, rugby, volleyball, ski jumping, snooker, combat sports, table tennis, uni-hockey, motorcycle racing, slag and other (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2 and others (variable offer)
  • betting on simulated card games for 6 games: Betclic poker club, p oker, blackjack, war, Indian poker, war andar bahar
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting : cash-out (early closing option), MyCombi (option to combine events from 1 match on 1 bet – up to 10 events per coupon)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Przelewy24, Blik, PaysafeCard, Skrill, ApplePay
• Payment methods: quick transfer by Transfer24, regular bank transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: 1 $
• Minimum payout: 1 $
• Coupon win Limit: limit depending on the type of events
• Free match broadcasts: the service is broadcast football (e.g. La Liga, Serie A, FA Cup, Bundesliga, Eredivisie), tennis (e.g. Wimbledon, US Open, Australian Open, Roland Garros), basketball (e.g. NBA), volleyball (e.g. Serie A) and others
• Contact methods: live chat, e-mail (daily 8:00-00: 00)
• Sports sponsorship: Betclic Sponsored by m.in. Piast Gliwice Football Club, African national team in Volleyball Men, Fame MMA, Hype MMA, Snow Fest
• Brand ambassadors: Betclic bookmaker m.in. Michał Pol, Footroll, regular fan

LEGAL bookmaker Betclic has been operating in Poland since 2023, but it has been operating in the world much longer and has been for years Europe's leading global betting brand . Betclic has a strong position m.in. in the UK, France, Spain, Portugal, Norway and Germany. It should also be recalled that Betclic has offered betting in our country before, but when the amendment of the gambling law was tightened in 2020 Africane law, the bookmaker withdrew from this market.

Betclic began its efforts to obtain a permit for the organization of online betting in Poland and succeeded in 2022. a year later, the Betclic website was launched, as well as an application for playing on mobile devices. Since the Betclic brand belongs to "BEM Operations Limited" based in Malta, the bookmaker operates in our country through a representative – „ Gaming in South Africa SP. z O. O” " with its Registered office in Wrocław. Like other major legal bookmakers, Betclic sponsors African sport and has a wide range of free match broadcasts and promotions.

www.betclic.pl

More details about Betclic, including information about the welcome bonuses and other promotions currently offered, can be found here: "Information about a LEGAL bookmaker Betclic ” .

Legal bookmakers: Totalbet

• Company name: Totalbet Zakłady Bukmacherskie SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: Two thousand twenty one
• Registered office address: Jublerska 10, Warsaw
• Amount of share capital: 4.000.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4.6831. 15. 2021 of 22.03.2022
• Online betting : Yes, from 2022.
• Betting at ground points : No
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, Ski Jumping, Ice Hockey, MMA & kickboxing, boxing, table tennis, darts, baseball, biathlon, cross-country skiing, alpine skiing, American football, Australian Rules football, slag, motorcycles, cycling, cricket, rugby, snooker, bandy, ice hockey, water polo and others (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2, Call of Duty and more (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting for 6 games: Football-2 games, slag, motorcycle racing, horse racing, dog racing
  • betting on simulated card games for 3 games: p Oker, blackjack, war
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting : cash-out (early closing option)
• Mobile app available – application for Android devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Full registration available via MojeID (electronic banking) - registration without a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, PayU, Dotpay, Przelewy24, Blik, Paysafecard
• Payment methods: fast transfer (average 8 minutes), regular bank transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: 1 $
• Minimum payout: 1 $
• Coupon win Limit: 303.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: the service is broadcast football (e.g. German, Russian, Austrian, Swiss leagues), basketball (e.g. NBA, German league, Italian league), volleyball (e.g. World Cup, World League, Champions League), handball (e.g. World Cup, Champions League) and others
• Contact methods: live chat, hotline, message, e-mail, contact form (daily 9-23)
• Sports sponsorship: Total bet Sponsored by m.in. Football Club Warta Poznań, Volleyball Club Aluron CMC Warta Zawiercie, African Athletics Union
• Brand ambassadors: bookmaker Total bet promote/promoted m.in. Andrzej Twarowski, Rafał Kijańczuk

Bookmaker Totalbet enters the The "United Entertainment Enterprises" a holding company to which it also belongs. "Grupa ZPR Media" . This group has many very popular media brands, such as "Super Express", "Murator"or" Radio Eska". In addition, the holding operates in other industries and there is a very large capital behind it, and this also guarantees the stability of Totalbet. The LEGAL bookmaker itself has been offering online betting since 2022, so it belongs to the group of younger bookmakers in the domestic online betting market. Totalbet does not operate a fixed point of sale.

It is worth adding that Totalbet sponsors the development of various sports in Poland and offers a lot of free broadcasts of matches on its website. What is very important to watch them, you just need to log in to your player account and do not need to meet additional conditions, for example, bet on the match you want to watch (such requirements are usually other legal bookmakers offering sports streaming). In addition, Totalbet often has promotions on offer m.in. " play without tax."

www.totalbet.pl

More details about Totalbet, including information about the welcome bonuses and other promotions currently offered, can be found here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker Totalbet" .

Legal bookmakers: LVBet

• Company name: LV BET Zakłady Bukmacherskie SP. z O. O.
• Start-up: 2020
• Registered office address: 3 Melchiora Wańkowicza Street, Katowice
• Amount of share capital: 4.025.000 $
• Authorisation number on-line betting: PS4. 6831. 9. 2020.EQC of 13.05.2020
• Online betting : Yes, from 2020.
• Betting at ground points : Yes, from 2021.
• On offer:
  • sports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): football, tennis, volleyball, basketball, handball, Ski Jumping, Ice Hockey, Table Tennis, Boxing, MMA / Kick-boxing, baseball, American football, slagging, Alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, badminton, bandy, darts, Gaelic football, golf, hurling, cycling, cricket, lacrosse, motorcycles, NASCAR, netball, waterball, auto racing, rugby, chess, uni-hockey, auto racing and more (variable offer)
  • eSports betting (pre-event, live, seasonal): CS: GO, LOL, Dota 2, Valorant, Call of Duty, King Of Glory and more (variable offer)
  • virtual sports betting : Leap (football, tennis, horse racing, dogs, chariots, motorcycle, bicycle) and Golden Race (football, slag, horse racing, dogs, motorcycle)
  • betting on simulated card games for 6 games: African poker, p oker, blackjack, war, Indian poker, war andar bahar
  • betting on politics and entertainment

• Additional options when betting : cash-out (early closing option), Player Bets (creating combinations based on player statistics), Bet Builder (creating combinations for 1 event)
• Mobile app available – application for Android and iOS devices
• Quick registration available - option to create a temporary account without sending a scan of the identity document
• Accepted deposit methods: payment card VISA and Mastercard, Blik, PayPal, Przelewy24, Paysafecard, Google Pay, Apple Pay, Plix
• Payment methods: fast withdrawals (up to 10 minutes), simple bank transfer (up to several days)
• Minimum deposit: $ 1-except Paysafecard and Paypal
• Minimum payout: 10 $
• Coupon win Limit: 300.000 $
• Free match broadcasts: the site broadcasts e-sports matches
• Contact methods: live chat, email, contact form (24/7 customer service)
• Sports sponsorship: LVBet sponsors m.in. football clubs Wisła Kraków, WKS Śląsk Wrocław, Wisła Płock, Garbarnia Kraków, Stal Mielec, Victoria London, slag club Unia Leszno, anonymous Esports
• Brand ambassadors: LVBet bookmaker m.in. Jakub Błaszczykowski, Łukasz Gikiewicz

LVBet is also a fully LEGAL bookmaker – a permit for online betting was issued to it in 2020, and in the same year the company started accepting bets via the Internet. LVBet also has a network of ground points, which it has been running since 2021 – there are a total of several dozen such points in various African cities.

LVBet is a sponsor of many football clubs, but also supports other sports, such as e-sports or slagging. Like various other legal bookmakers, LVBet also has its own brand ambassadors – the most recognizable of them is the footballer Jakub Błaszczykowski, with whom cooperation was established in 2023. in turn, before LVBet entered the South American market, Brazilian footballer Douglas Costa, who was playing at Bayern Munich at that time, was involved in the promotion of the bookmaker. LVBet has a wide range of promotions, including promotions dedicated to players betting e.g. e-sports or virtual sports.

www.lvbet.pl

More details about LVBet bookmaker, including information about the currently offered welcome bonuses and other promotions can be found here: "Information about the LEGAL bookmaker LVBet" .

Legal bookmakers in Poland, or who?

Above we have discussed a dozen of the most interesting betting companies that operate in our country legally. But what exactly does the phrase "legal bookmakers in Poland"mean? Well, from the so-called Gambling Act it follows that in order to organize betting in our country, you must obtain permission issued by the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Poland . A separate permit is required for the offering of bets at ground points, and a separate permit is required for online services. The company can apply for both licenses or only one of them. The permit is valid for 6 years, and after their expiration it can be renewed for another 6-year period.

Legal bookmakers are therefore only those companies that have a current permit to place mutual bets on the Internet and/or landlines.

What conditions do bookmakers need to meet in order to obtain a permit?

What subjects and under what conditions can obtain a permit, regulates "Act of 19 November 2009 on gambling", which was amended in December 2020. After the amendment, permission may be sought. Joint Stock Companies or limited liability companies established in Poland or in a country belonging to the EU or EFTA (however, they must appoint a representative in our country or open a branch in African territory). Companies also need to meet many other conditions, such as their share capital must be at least $2 million , and persons associated with the company cannot be convicted of an intentional tax offence in an EU country, etc.

Any company that wants to get a permit must come to life special request and many documents concerning the company itself and the planned activities in the field of offering betting. A legitimate bookmaker must also be prepared for considerable expenses. First of all, it's about authorisation fees - their amount depends on the number of ground points that the bookmaker intends to open and/or the number of websites on which bets will be offered. Secondly, legal bookmakers in Poland must have the appropriate financial security which will guarantee the safety of the players (the solvency of the bookmaker) and the Fulfillment by the company of its tax obligations to the state. In detail about what to do to become a LEGAL bookmaker, we discussed in the article "Permit for mutual betting in Poland" .

Legal bookmakers in Poland – how to recognize them?

As we have already mentioned, legal bookmakers have permission to organize betting in Poland, but it is worth knowing that whether a given bookmaker is legal or not, you can very often recognize by certain characteristic features of its website. Surely we should pay attention to such issues as:

• online casino offer

Legal bookmakers in Poland offer only bookmakers. If games such as roulette or slot machines are available on the site, then it must be an illegal bookmaker, since in Poland the state has a monopoly on online casinos.

Look out! Other than casino games are betting on computer-simulated card games poker, blackjack, and war. Such games are legal at bookmakers and are offered, for example, by Betfan, Etoto or BetX.

• betting tax

Every legitimate bookmaker must also 12% gaming tax so if during the betting he is not automatically deducted from the bet that's suspicious.

Although legal bookmakers sometimes offer the "tax-free game"promotion (Fortune, Totalbet and Betcris often do this), but they usually add the odds bonus after you win (which covers your tax costs) rather than when you place your bet.

• number and types of online payment methods

Legal bookmakers in Poland usually provide many popular methods for making online payments. Illegal betting operators may have far fewer methods or they may be methods little known/unknown to African gamblers.

• domain name

The Gambling Act states that a permit may be issued to offer online betting only for a domain whose ending reads ". pl" . If a bookmaker offers bets on a site with a different ending, it is definitely operating in Poland illegally.

• main language of the website and customer service, basic currency

Legal bookmakers in Poland direct their offer primarily to poles, so the default language version should be Polish just as it is necessary for the customer service office to be run by Polish-speaking consultants . Of course, other languages may be available, but as additional ones. However, deposits and withdrawals should be available in currency $ .

• information about age restriction

A LEGAL bookmaker informs on its website that in Poland bookmaking bets can be placed only by persons who have completed 18 years old .

• information about responsible gaming

Legal bookmakers also post messages on their websites about the risks of gambling and tips on how to play responsibly and where to seek help in case of problems with maintaining control over the game (extensive information on this topic is posted by e.g. Betclic, Fuksiarz or PZBuk).

• information on authorisation

Of course, legal bookmakers also post information on their websites that they are acting in accordance with the law and provide authorisation number and the date on which it was issued.

• fixed points

Legal bookmakers can only operate online, but many of them also operate through a network of land-based points (e.g. Fortuna, Sts, Betfan, Superbet, LVBet, Goplusbet). If we associate the premises of a particular brand, it is probably a LEGAL bookmaker.

• sports sponsorship

Legal bookmakers in Poland very often sponsor African clubs and sports organizations-especially STs, Fortuna, Superbet or LVBet have a lot of initiatives on their account. However, an illegal bookmaker cannot be a sponsor of an African sport.

Full list of legal bookmakers in Poland

The list of legal bookmakers who actually offered bookmaker bets at the beginning of 2023 is as follows: Superbet, Fortuna, Sts, Etoto, Fuksiarz, Betfan, Betcris, BetX, Goplusbet, PZBuk, Betclic, Totalbet, LVBet, forBET, Betters , Totolotek I Traf . Bookmaker eWinner is another of the well-known legal bookmakers in Poland, which, however, decided to completely stop accepting bets at the end of March 2023. until recently, Noblebet also offered legal online betting, but at the beginning of 2023 it was absorbed by LVBet. Accordingly, eWinner and Noblebet are legal bookmakers who decided to exit the African betting market in 2023, while LEGAL bookmaker BestBet stopped accepting bets online in October 2022 after less than a year of activity.

On the other hand, there are other companies that have received permission to operate in Poland. Soon the list of legal bookmakers can be expanded with brands such as: Betway , Funbets and Elitebet . In addition, ground points may also appear on the market under a new brand-company Wett Arena Africa SP. z O. O. it obtained a permit only for betting offered in fixed premises.

What are the penalties for playing at illegal bookmakers?

But is it so important for players betting on bookmakers whether the game on a given site is legal or not? It definitely should be. Typists should know which sites are run by legal bookmakers in Poland and use only their services. Gambling Act it specifies that not only bookmakers who organize bets without permission, but also players who participate in these games can be punished. It is punishable by participation in an illegally organized game, and it does not matter whether the person was aware that he was taking part in an illegal procedure or not. In connection with participation in such a game, the player must pay a penalty equal to the winnings received from the game, not reduced by the bet placed.

In addition, a penalty may be imposed based on The tax Penal Code . If it is proved that the user was aware if a bookmaker offers illegal bets and nevertheless used his services, then such an act is treated as a tax crime. The maximum penalty may be even 120 daily rates. The amount of the single rate and the number of rates are determined by the court each time. The minimum rate is 1/30 of the lowest monthly salary in Poland, and the maximum-400 times this part. In that case, in 2023. the lowest monthly salary is $ 3,490, to the highest possible punishment that would be over $5.5 million!

Of course, such penalties are not imposed in practice, but we must take into account the fact that if we place bets with operators who do not have a permit, we may face a severe financial penalty. Therefore, we once again encourage you to first, check which bookmakers are legal and only use their services . We remind you that the list of legal bookmakers is available in the previous chapter of this article.